التصنيف: منتدى الطلبات والبحوث المدرسية للتعليم الثانوي AS

قوانين مدونة الطلبــــات : هــــنا

ربي يوفقــــــكـ غاليتي بسمة

Abdelaziz Bouteflika (Arabic: عبد العزيز بوتفليقة) (born March 2, 1937 in Oujda, Morocco) has been the President of Algeria since 1999.
Abdelaziz Bouteflika has been married since August 1990 and has no children. His wife Amal Triki is a daughter of an ex-diplomat (Yahia Triki).
Bouteflika has three half-sisters (Fatima, Yamina, and Aïcha) with whom he has no contact, four brothers (Abdelghani, Mustapha, Abderahim and Saïd) and one sister (Latifa).
His father, Ahmed Bouteflika, was born in Tlemcen, Ahmed Bouteflika was married to two women: Belkaïd Rabia and Ghezlaoui Mansouriah (the mother of the current President).
When Abdelaziz Bouteflika was born on March 2, 1937 in Morocco (Oujda), he was the first child of his mother and the second child of his father, Fatima, his half-sister, preceded him.
Mordechai Vanunu

Mordechai Vanunu in the garden of St. George’s Cathedral. This picture was taken two days after his April 21, 2004 release from prison
Mordechai Vanunu (Hebrew: מרדכי ואנונו‎), born in Marrakech, Morocco on October 13, 1954 is an Israeli former nuclear technician who revealed details of Israel’s nuclear weapons program to the British press in 1986. He was subsequently kidnapped in Rome by Israeli agents and smuggled to Israel, where he was tried and convicted of treason.
Mordechai Vanunu spent 18 years in prison, including more than 11 years in solitary confinement. Vanunu was released from prison in 2022, subject to a broad array of restrictions on his speech and movement. Since then he has been briefly arrested several times for violations of those restrictions, including giving various interviews to foreign journalists and attempting to leave Israel. In July 2022, Vanunu was sentenced to a further six months imprisonment for speaking to foreigners and traveling to Bethlehem.
On January 7, 2022, the day before his appeal fighting the above sentence was to begin; Israel instead re-sentenced him to six months of community
In its press release of July 2, 2007, Amnesty International said "The organization considers Mordechai Vanunu to be a prisoner of conscience and calls for his immediate and unconditional release. " Vanunu has been characterized by some as a whistleblower and by others as a traitor.

Ayman Nour

Ayman Abd El Aziz Nour (Arabic: أيمن عبد العزيز نور) (born 10 October 1964) is an Egyptian politician, a former member of that country’s Parliament and chairman of the El Ghad party. He became famous around the world following his January 2022 imprisonment by the government of President Hosni Mubarak, which was widely understood as a politically motivated move by the state and caused a lot of internal anger as well as foreign pressure for his release.
Arrest and imprisonment

Nour was stripped of his parliamentary immunity and arrested on January 29, 2005. He was charged with forging PAs (Powers of Attorney) to secure the formation of the el-Ghad party. Nour vehemently denied the charges (from prison).
The arrest, occurring in an election year, was widely criticized by governments around the world as a step backwards for Egyptian democracy. Few seem to regard the charges as legitimate. Nour remained active despite his imprisonment, using the opportunity to write critical articles and make his case and cause better known.
In February 2022, Condoleezza Rice abruptly postponed a visit to Egypt, reflecting U.S. displeasure at the jailing of Nour, who was reported to have been brutally interrogated. That same month, the government announced the following month that it would open elections to multiple candidates.
In March 2022, following a strong intervention in Cairo by a group of Members of the European Parliament led by Vice-President Edward McMillan-Scott (UK, Conservative), Nour was freed and began a campaign for the Egyptian presidency.
In June 2022, Rice addressed democracy in the Middle East at the American University in Cairo. She stated: “There are those who say that democracy leads to chaos, or conflict, or terror. In fact, the opposite is true. … Ladies and Gentlemen: Across the Middle East today, millions of citizens are voicing their aspirations for liberty and for democracy …demanding freedom for themselves and democracy for their countries. To these courageous men and women, I say today: All free nations will stand with you as you secure the blessings of your own liberty”
Nour was the first runner-up in the 2005 presidential election with 7% of the vote according to government figures and estimated at 13% by independent observers, although no independent observers were allowed to monitor the elections.
On December 24, 2005 he was sentenced to five years in jail. Nour is diabetic and dependent on insulin, a health issue which sent him to the hospital for the week before the verdict when he engaged in a hunger strike carried out in protest of his detention.
Nour’s verdict and sentencing made global headlines and were the first item of news on most international news broadcasts, including the BBC.
On the day of Nour’s guilty verdict and sentencing, the White House Press Secretary released the following statement denouncing the government’s action:
"The United States is deeply troubled by the conviction today of Egyptian politician Ayman Nour by an Egyptian court. The conviction of Mr. Nour, the runner-up in Egypt’s 2022 presidential elections, calls into question Egypt’s commitment to democracy, freedom, and the rule of law. We are also disturbed by reports that Mr. Nour’s health has seriously declined due to the hunger strike on which he has embarked in protest of the conditions of his trial and detention. The United States calls upon the Egyptian government to act under the laws of Egypt in the spirit of its professed desire for increased political openness and dialogue within Egyptian society, and out of humanitarian concern, to release Mr. Nour from detention."
In February 2022, Rice visited Hosni Mubarak yet never spoke Nour’s name publicly. When asked about him at a news conference, she referred to his situation as one of Egypt’s setbacks. Days later, Mubarak told a government newspaper that Rice "didn’t bring up difficult issues or ask to change anything." From prison, Nour stated "I pay the price when [Rice] speaks [of me], and I pay the price when she doesn’t," Nour said. "But what’s happening to me now is a message to everybody."
In June 2022 President Bush, speaking at a conference of dissidents in the Czech Republic, revisited the issue of Ayman Nour, saying:
There are many dissidents who couldn’t join us because they are being unjustly imprisoned or held under house arrest. I look forward to the day when a conference like this one include Alexander Kozulin of Belarus, Aung San Suu Kyi of Burma, Oscar Elias Biscet of Cuba, Father Nguyen Van Ly of Vietnam, Ayman Nour of Egypt. (Applause.) The daughter of one of these political prisoners is in this room. I would like to say to her, and all the families: I thank you for your courage. I pray for your comfort and strength. And I call for the immediate and unconditional release of your loved ones. … I have asked Secretary Rice to send a directive to every U.S. ambassador in an un-free nation: Seek out and meet with activists for democracy. Seek out those who demand human rights.